13.Which of the following happens as LiCl dissolves in… (2023)

When some LiCl is dissolved in water, the temperature of the water increases. This means that:
(A) the strength of the intermolecular forces between the water molecules is stronger than the bond energy within the LiCl lattice
(B) the attraction of the lithium ions to the negative dipoles of the water molecules is weaker than the attraction of the chloride ions to the positive dipoles of the water molecules
(C) breaking the bonds between the lithium and chloride ions is an exothermic process
(D) the strength of the ion-dipole attractions that are formed exceeds the lattice energy in LiCl.

Right When L I. C l. Lithium chloride, which is an ionic compound, dissolves in water, we see that it's XO thermic. So when we try to explain that, we have to consider two things in the solution process, we have to consider the energy that's required to break that crystal lattice structure. So to separate the lithium and the chloride ions, and we also have to consider if we got water. Since water is polar, we have to consider how those ions interact with water, Guy said. Those ion dye pull forces. Now, in order for this process to be XO thermic, it means that energy is being released overall. So breaking the crystal lattice, the attractions between the lithium and the chlorine requires or takes energy. Hey, and then those ion dye pole forces are going to release energy cry. So if you think about that as an attraction, that's backwards. Me travel you every think of that attraction between the Oh my goodness, between the lithium and the water, I said, those two being attracted quite in the same thing with the chlorine in the water that will release energy. So what we see is that those ion dye pole forces must release Maur energy than the energy that is required. Thio break the crystal lattice the l I c l lattice energy to make it overall release energy and be an exit thermic process.

All right, So you're looking at which solvent is best to dissolve? A particular. So you'd And there's a key phrase we're gonna use here. Is that like, dissolves like. And so what this means is that polar solvents are good at dissolving polar Saul utes. Non polar solvents are good at dissolving non polar saw utes and invest cases the solvent, and saw a huge need to have similar or be able to interact similarly, and that's going to help with the dissolving process. So here are two choices for a solvent are the polar water solvent and then also having a non polar solvent of heck sane on what they've given us in the question as different Salyut and were asked to decide well, which Seoul vent should we use to dissolve them. So the first thing they give us is vegetable oil, which is non polar, so non polar saw utes like non polar solvents such as sex sane For part B, we're looking at benzene again, which is non polar, non polar saw used is all best and non polar solvents. See, we have lithium fluoride, which is an ionic compound. Ionic compounds form charged ions and solutions, and those charges of the islands are going to interact best with the partially charged sides of the polar solve it, so ionic compounds will dissolve best in our polar solvents such as water. Finally, Part D, we have another ionic compound, sodium sulfate, same reasoning for lithium fluoride ionic compounds with their charged islands dissolve best and partially charged polar solvents.

Chemistry a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture that is composed of a solid that is known as the substance and the substance is dissolved into another substance that we identify as a solvent. So the solvent is present in the majority and the salute is present in the minority amounts. So here we're looking at a few different topics here. So we have lattice energy. We're also looking at energy of hydration. We're also looking at sala ability. And finally we're looking at the relationship between the latter is energy and energy of hydration. So we'll look onto that the last part. So firstly the highest lattice energy will be lithium chloride. So we'll just talk about why that is exactly. So the lattice energy is the energy that holds the irons in the crystal lattice together. So here we have some and ions that are all chloride and ions and they are associated to different catan. So we've got lithium potassium and sodium Catalans. And so because the lattice energy depends upon the charge of the Catalans, all of our charges are equal here. So therefore we need to compare the ionic radiation. So the smaller the ionic radiate the grades of the lattice energy will be. And so therefore the radius of lithium is smaller compared to the other examples. So moving on to the energy of hydration. Again, this is lithium chloride and we can discuss why? So the hydration energy depends on the size of the iron. So the smaller the iron than the greater the hydration energy. So it's the exact same reasoning as the previous example. It's all about the size of the lithium. So think ionic radio for both the lattice energy and the energy of hydration. So next we're looking at the scalability and all of them are soluble and so if we look at the materials we have got lithium chloride, this will dissociate into lithium plus and cl minus sodium chloride. We get an A plus and cl minus and finally K C L. We get K plus and cl minus where the conditions are all acquis for the free irons. And so finally the lattice energy should be less than the hydration energy. We can discuss exactly why. So the lattice energy should be less than the hydration energy in order to make the compound soluble. So here we're concerning ourselves with scalability. So if the latter's energy is less than the hydration energy then the irons can leave the crystal lattice and they will become hydrated quite easily.

And a we see that lattice energy. The energy released after the formation of ions causes ionic compounds to become more stable. Therefore, the ionic compounds dissolve and be solvent. Polar versus non polar. There ionic compounds readily dissolve in polar solvents. See in therapies of hydration of cat ayan and and I am are the amount of energy released when one mole I am under goals. Salvation by H 20 I am it come poems will days off.